DESIRS
Les processus de diffusion des électrons lors de la photoionisation de l’eau, puis lors du transport de ces électrons quasi-libres à travers le liquide, sont un point crucial pour comprendre les dommages liés aux radiations dans les organismes vivants. Or, les études expérimentales n’avaient jusqu’à présent pas permis d’en donner une image au niveau moléculaire.
L’étude des propriétés spectroscopiques d’ions en phase gazeuse, un système par définition très dilué, nécessite l’emploi de méthodes expérimentales particulières. Des scientifiques d’Orsay, Lille, et de SOLEIL, ont développé une méthode basée sur la comparaison de 2 techniques d’analyse, mises en œuvre sur les lignes DESIRS et PLEIADES, pour obtenir les sections efficaces absolues d’une réaction d’ionisation.
L'étude des macromolécules biologiques, telles que l'ADN, l'ARN et les protéines, nécessite une connaissance préalable et approfondie des propriétés physico-chimiques de leurs briques constitutives, soit respectivement les bases nucléiques et les acides aminés. Expérimentalement, plusieurs espèces (isomères et tautomères) coexistent, ce qui rend très difficiles l’interprétation et la déduction des propriétés des molécules biologiquement importantes qu’elles constituent.
Cela fait maintenant 10 ans que l’INRA et SOLEIL ont engagé une fructueuse collaboration, qui s’appuie sur la présence d’ingénieurs INRA mis à disposition à SOLEIL. Un ouvrage, paru en janvier 2017, rassemble une trentaine de résultats de recherche issus de cette collaboration.
De nombreuses biomolécules importantes (allant des plus petites briques de base telles que les acides aminés aux grandes protéines et à la célèbre double hélice de l'ADN) sont chirales, ce qui signifie qu'elles existent sous forme deux formes gauche/droite à l'instar de nos mains.
Sur DÉSIRS, une chambre de simulation a été associée à un spectromètre de masse à temps de vol à photoionisation d'aérosols pour réaliser des analyses en ligne d’aérosols organiques et d’aérosols mixtes organiques-inorganiques en utilisant des photons VUV (ultraviolets du vide) accordables, issus du synchrotron, comme source d'ionisation. Pour la première fois, il a été possible de détecter et séparer la phase nanoparticules de la phase gazeuse. Ces résultats sont publiés dans European physical journal.
Depuis peu, la ligne de lumière DÉSIRS dispose d'une branche expérimentale dédiée à la spectroscopie d’absorption en phase gaz dans l’UV et le VUV. Cette branche associe un spectromètre unique à très haute résolution spectrale et une chambre d’environnements-échantillon permettant des mesures sous des conditions très variées, afin de simuler en laboratoire les situations rencontrées dans certaines régions de l’espace.
DESIRS (Dichroïsme Et Spectroscopie par Interaction avec le Rayonnement Synchrotron) est une ligne de lumière à onduleur, couvrant la gamme du VUV (5-40 eV) et offrant une combinaison unique d’ultra-haute résolution, pureté spectrale, flux et polarisation totalement ajustable.
DESIRS (Dichroïsme Et Spectroscopie par Interaction avec le Rayonnement Synchrotron) is an undulator-based beamline covering the VUV range (5-40 eV) with a unique combination of ultra high resolution spectral purity, flux and fully variable polarization.
DESIRS provides new opportunities for the study of photon-induced processes via the valence shell on mainly isolated gas phase samples, such as cold molecules, radicals, laser-excited species, biomolecules, large ionic biopolymers, clusters and nanoparticles, as well as on condensed matter. This includes high resolution spectroscopy, molecular dynamics and reactivity, and photoionization dynamics studies. In addition, the availability of calibrated versatile (linear, circular) polarisations of the photon beam is a unique specificity of the beamline allowing the study of molecular chirality and anisotropic properties of matter via different types of dichroism experiments.
Note also that the research carried out on DESIRS takes place within the framework of the “Gas phase, atmosphere, universe” scientific section of SOLEIL.
Les actualités de la ligne
Toutes les actualités de la ligne
Des particules de suie aux poussières d’étoiles - Les mystères de leur formation révélés (...)
Highlights de SOLEIL 2024
L'équipe
* Prestataire extérieur, intérimaire ou collaborateur
Données techniques
- Gamme d'énergie
-
5 – 40 eV (2500 Å – 300Å)
- Résolution en énergie
-
Δλ = 33 mÅ, 60 mÅ and 720 mÅ for 100 μm slits depending on the grating. Ultimate Resolving Power ~ 200000 @16 eV, ~ 100000 @21 eV
Up to 1000000 @ 20 eV with FT-spectrometer in absorption
- Source
-
Electromagnetic planar/helicoidal undulator OPHELIE2 (HU640) : 14 periods of 640 mm
- Polarisation
-
Fully variable, including rotatable linear and circular polarizations. In situ polarization calibration with a VUV dedicated polarimeter
- Fréquence maximale de basculement de l'hélicité
-
up to 0.5 Hz in the Dichroism AC mode (in 2017)
- Flux au niveau de l'échantillon
-
~1010 to 1014 ph/sec depending on the energy and the bandpass. ~1015Ph/sec in 7% bandwidth at the zeroth order
- Taille du faisceau au niveau de l'échantillon
-
~ 70 μm*(exit slit) (V) x ~200 μm (H)
- Pureté spectrale
-
Fully-harmonics-free radiation owing to a gas filter (up to 21 eV) and optics cut-off above 21 eV.
Thématiques scientifiques
| Physical-Chemistry |
|
|---|---|
| Atmospheric chemistry |
|
| Physics |
|
| Optics |
|
| Astrophysics |
|
| Organic chemistry, astrobiology & biology |
|
| Condensed matter |
|
The beamline possesses 3 different branches and 2 endstations available for users.
The 3 branches are connected to a common white-light branch (Undulator + first optics) equipped with a gas filter that totally suppresses the high harmonics of the undulator
Publication :
art_filter.pdfFourier-Transform absorption spectroscopy branch (FTS)
The High Resolution facility for Absorption spectroscopy (FTS) :
desirs_bl2.pdfThis branch is equipped with a unique newly designed FT-spectrometer covering the range from 5 to 30 eV with an unprecedented instrumental linewidth down to 0.08 cm-1 for such a multiplex instrument (corresponding to a resolving power of up to 1000000 @ 10 eV). The resolution can be easily adjusted for absorption spectroscopy requiring high S/N and moderate spectral resolution. (Plan :
branche_fts.pdf| Publication:
ndo_naturephotonics2011_fts.pdf| FTS instruction manual:
notice_fts-v04.pdf).
A sample environment chamber located just upstream includes:
- LN2-cooled windowless absorption gas cell (100 to 300 K, column density up to 1017 cm-2)
- heated windowless gas cell (up to 1000 K)
- several windowed absorption cells of various lengths for absolute cross sections measurement and/or high column densities. One of them is equipped with a DC discharge for the production of radicals.
- a free molecular beam (rotational cooling down to 20 K column density up to 1015 cm-2).
A full description of the sample environment chamber and associated methologies is available in this
publication2 monochromatized branches (Branch A and B)
2 monochromatized branches (Branch A and B) : to perform any type of spectroscopy or dichroism experiments with an optimized resolution/flux compromise ensured by the use of 4 gratings (4300 gr/mm, 2400 gr/mm, 400 gr/mm and 200 gr/mm) (typically 1010-1011ph/sec for RP of 100000 up to 1013-1014 ph/sec for a RP of 100), and variable polarization (linear horizontal, vertical as well as left- and right-handed circular polarization mode (CPL) fully calibrated owing to a VUV polarimeter.
In the pure CPL mode, the absolute polarization rate, as measured at the sample location, is above 97 % over the whole VUV range.
On branch A is installed a multipurpose molecular beam chamber, SAPHIRS, consisting of a source chamber and an ionizationchamber separated by a skimmer. In the later is installed a versatile double imaging electron/ion coincidence spectrometer(i2PEPICO), DELICIOUS3, combining a Velocity Map Imaging spectrometer (VMI) to a Wiley-McLaren TOF 3D momentum imaging ionspectrometer. DELICIOUS3 allows in the fast electron mode to perform Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AR-PES) on mass-selected and KER-selected samples, with electron energy resolution down to 4 %, and in the slow electron mode to record Threshold PES (TPES) and TPEPICO with meV or sub-meV resolution. In both cases the mass resolution reaches 300 (full peak separation) and up to 800 (FWHM separation). The ion momentum resolution is in the 10-15 % range. (Article:
delicious3_garcia_2013.pdf| Instruction manual)
SAPHIRS’s source chamber is equipped with various sample environments:
- a simple nozzle for gaseous samples, or highly-volatile liquid ones introduced via a cooled or heated bubbler.
- a nozzle equipped with a flash-pyrolysis unit allowing the production of radicals from gaseous precursors
- an oven (coupled to a nozzle) that can be heated up to 700 K for handling liquid or solid samples to be seeded with a carrier gas before expansion
- a flow tube coupled to a MW discharge to produce radicals as well as identifying and monitoring in time radical-neutrals products
an aerodynamical lens to carry and focus into the ionization chamber sub-nm and nm nanoparticles/aerosols as produced ex-situ or via an atomizer. This set-up can be used alone (for photoemission studies of nanoparticles) or with a thermodesorber (a hot tip located close to the ionization volume) releasing in the gas phase the molecules constituting the aerosol. (Article:
bioaerosols_pccp2011.pdf)
A recently-added differentially-pumped double skimmer chamber described in this
publicationthat can be aligned in-vacuum, has increased the maximum working pressure in the main source chamber to a few torrs. In addition, the double skimmer has narrowed the molecular beam profile so that the particle kinetic energy resolution has been improved, as well as the cation mass resolution, which has been multiplied by x1.5.
Branch B is a free port on which any user experiments can be connected, via a differential pumping stage. The focal point is located 350 mm downstream the last UHV valves, and the beam divergence at the focal point is typically of the order of 5.5 mrad (V) x 3.5 mrad (H). The height of the beam with respect to the ground is 1550 ± 10 mm. The available space on the beamline for experiments to be connected to branch B can be seen here in 2D (
2D) or 3D (
coupe3d.pdf).
Besides the possibility to connect any external user experiments on branch B, this branch also hosts two associated experiments which are available to all users:
CERISES, allowing the study of the reactivity of state-selected ions (including now radical cations) with neutrals. (Article:
cerises_pccp2011.pdf)
SRMS2, an ion trap coupled to DESIRS allowing the study of VUV photodynamics & proteiomics on electro-sprayed biopolymers multi-charges ions (cations or anions). (Article:
srms2_jsr_2012.pdf)