Une autre étude notable porte également sur la pollution, mais cette SYNCHROTRON SOLEIL fois due aux particules radioactives relarguées dans l’environnement HIGHLIGHTS 2020 par l’industrie du nucléaire. Des équipes CEA/CNRS ont utilisé la diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles et à la spectroscopie Captions/Légendes d’absorption des rayons X sur la ligne MARS pour caractériser des colloïdes intrinsèques de Plutonium Pu (IV), étape nécessaire pour 3 prédire le comportement et la réactivité de ces particules une fois In the MARS beamline relarguées. Pour la première fois, la taille des particules colloïdales et experimental hutch. leurs propriétés structurales multi-échelles ont pu être liées Dans la cabane expérimentale (cf. page 34). de la ligne MARS. ---------------------------- In the quantum materials field, although nanostructures such as quantum boxes or nanowire arrays are currently used in innovative functional devices for photonics and optoelectronics, there are few non-destructive, high-resolution characterisation methods giving access to their size, shape and inner strain field. For the first time ever, an international team of researchers has been able to access these fundamental parameters within micro- and nanostructures of GaAsN embedded in a hydrogenated-GaAsN/GaAs epilayer, thanks to the coherent X-ray diffractive imaging in Bragg geometry (Bragg CDI) available on the SIRIUS and CRISTAL beamlines (see page 76). Significant technical advances have been made by the beamlines and support units. New developments in the field of detectors such as the CMOS- BSI, integrated in a vacuum environment, has shown excellent performance in the soft X-ray field and has enabled ptychography measurements on the HERMES and SEXTANTS beamlines with spatial resolutions of less than 10 nm and 25 nm, respectively. Phenomena that occur on the shortest spatial and temporal scales require imaging methods with high spatial resolution and ultrafast speeds. An approach has been developed on the NANOSCOPIUM beamline to achieve coherent diffractive imaging at nanoscale spatial resolution over a broad spectrum of wavelengths, paving the way for attosecond single-shot ultrafast imaging (see page 86). In the field of geosciences, a multi-anvil press capable of reaching pressures of 30 gigapascals was used on the PSICHE beamline to obtain for the first time ever the viscosity of molten silicates under the pressure and temperature conditions of the Earth's lower mantle. The ANATOMIX beamline team was involved in the "ultra-fast imaging" (1000 fps camera) to monitor the melting processes in the press. The results, published in Nature Communications, can be found on page 72. 9