BNM
National Bureau of Metrology. One of SOLEIL’s partners, notably for the METROLOGY beamline.
COMMISSIONING
Real-scale test phase, which lasts until the desired results are obtained.
CROTCH
Absorber located in the dipole vacuum chamber, specially designed to let pass the photon beam usable by each type of line and absorb the unused power.
CYCLOTRON
Circular particle accelerator (nucleons; heavy ions) comparable to a large electromagnet with circular poles, in the gap of which is a half-moon shaped acceleration chamber. Particles are accelerated there via the coupled action of the magnetic and electric field in a spiral trajectory and end by being ejected toward the experimentation chambers.
CIRCULAR DICHROISM
A light wave moves in a straight line while vibrating in all directions (vertically, horizontally, and circularly). It is then said to be polarized. This circular vibration breaks down into a right circular polarization and a left circular polarization.
DIFFABS
SOLEIL beamline coupling the three techniques of diffraction, fluorescence, and absorption for material science. It is particularly well suited to the study of materials in extreme (high temperature) conditions.
DIFFRACTION
Optic phenomenon of deviation of light rays representative of the wavy nature of light. Diffraction occurs with light, as well as with sound, water waves, neutrons, and matter.
DIFFRACTOMETER
Tool used for measuring the diffraction of a wave on a target. When the waves encounter an obstacle, they are dispersed in all directions by the sides of the obstacle.
DIPOLE
Bent magnet made of two copper coils used in deviating the trajectory of electrons circulating in the vacuum chamber.
DISCO
SOLEIL beamline dedicated to biochemistry, chemistry, and cellular biology covering the spectrum from UV to visible light. The acronym stands for Dichroism, Imaging, and mass Spectrometry for Chemichal and biOlogical systems.
ORBIT DEVIATION
Deviation in position of an electron beam all around the ring in comparison to the theoretical trajectory.
ECRIN
Association within which SOLEIL has created a think tank on the medical applications of the synchrotron radiation.
LIGHT BEAM
Ensemble of light rays assembled in a very fine stroke.
FLUORESCENCE
Luminescence of a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) due to the spontaneous transition of molecules from an excited state toward the fundamental state.
HALO
SOLEIL’s Archaeology and Heritage interface. The acronym stands for Heritage and Archaeology Liaison Office.
LIGA
Sequential, high-precision manufacturing procedure of micro-objects. German acronym meaning LIthography Galvanoformung Abformung (Deep x-ray lithography/electro-growth/molding).
BEAMLINE
Experimental facility twenty meters in length in which the synchrotron radiation is produced by electrons. The beamline is arranged tangentially to the ring in which the electrons spin. Each beamline is a true laboratory with a well-defined specificity: biology, chemistry, Earth sciences, etc. SOLEIL operates 24 beamlines simultaneously, six days per week, 24 hours per day.
LURE
National center of the synchrotron radiation until 2003, located on the Orsay site. The acronym stands for Laboratory for Use of the Electromagnetic Ray.
METROLOGIE
Science of the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement in all areas of science and technology.
MONOCHROMATOR
Device that selects a predetermined energy ray from a beam of white light (containing all lengths of light waves).
POWER SUPPLY
A periodic magnetic device inserted in the straight sections of the storage ring. The permanent magnet UPS is made up of a succession of alternating magnets distributed along two jaws separated by a gap where a magnetic field is created that optimizes the synchrotron radiation.
QUADRUPOLE
A magnet made up of 4 copper coils whose magnetic field has focusing properties that cause transverse oscillation of electrons around the closed orbit and corrects their trajectories.
BREMSSTRALHUNG RAY
Very high-energy parasite gamma ray produced by inelastic collisions between electrons and the residual gas remaining in the vacuum chamber.
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
Very intense electromagnetic (photon) ray produced when very high-energy (relativist) electrons circulating at nearly the speed of light are subject to the action of a magnetic field and lose part of their energy in the form of light (from infrared to hard X-ray).
SEXTUPOLE
Magnet made of 6 copper coils whose magnetic field has focusing properties that cause transverse oscillation of electrons around the closed orbit and corrects their trajectories.
SOLEIL
Third-generation synchrotron located in Saint Aubin, Essonne. The acronym stands for LURE Optimized Source of Intermediary Energy Light.
ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Analysis of the components of a body via analysis of the quantity of photons it absorbs. The absorption spectrum of a body is obtained using a spectroscope that disperses the ray in the form of spectrums.
SYNCHROTRON
Accelerator causing the particles of a given energy to spin in a storage ring made of a vacuum chamber subject to a fixed magnetic field produced by electromagnets that keeps particles in circulation in a stable orbit until they are used.
CRYOGENIC TECHNIQUES
Techniques used at low temperatures (less than -150°C) aimed at understanding the physical phenomena that manifest in such conditions.
TOMOGRAPHY
Procedure of radiological exploration permitting the radiography of a thin layer or an organ at the desired depth.
